Note: Pralingo is growing step by step. Sections shown in grey will follow soon.
A1
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Grammar
- Basics
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NounsNounsA word that names a person, thing, place, or idea, such as house or sun. and determiners
- GenderGenderThe grammatical class of a Spanish noun: masculine or feminine. of nounsnounsA word that names a person, thing, place, or idea, such as house or sun.
- SingularSingularThe grammatical form used for exactly one person or thing. and pluralpluralThe grammatical form used for more than one person or thing.
- Definite articlesarticlesA short word placed before a noun that shows its gender and number, such as el or la.
- Indefinite articlesarticlesA short word placed before a noun that shows its gender and number, such as el or la.
- hay and estar for location
- Adjectives
- Pronouns
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Present-tensetenseThe time form of a verb, for example present, past, or future. verbs
- Regular -ar verbs
- Regular -er verbs
- Regular -ir verbs
- ser
- estar
- Ser or estar?
- Introduction to gustar
- Reflexive verbs
- Common irregular verbs
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Numbers and quantities
- Cardinal numbers
- Introduction to ordinal numbers
- Expressions of quantity
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Vocabulary
- People and everyday life
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Core Vocabulary
- Common Verbs
- Common Adjectives
- Common Prepositions and Location Expressions
- Common Adverbs
- Deepen A1 Vocabulary
- Numbers, Time and Orientation
- Everyday life and surroundings
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Travel and shopping
- Transport
- Accommodation
- Shops and prices
- Restaurants and cafés
- Holidays
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Reading
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Text types
- Signs and notices
- Forms and profiles
- Messages and chats
- Menus and opening hours
- Advertisements and timetables
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Strategies
- Recognizing familiar words
- Finding keywords
- Understanding short texts globally
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Text types
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Listening
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Situations
- Greetings and introductions
- Numbers, prices and times
- Everyday conversations
- Simple announcements
- Directions
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Strategies
- Internationalisms
- Listening for keywords
- Slow standard speech
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Situations
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Writing
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Text types
- Filling in forms
- Personal profile
- Postcards and messages
- Simple invitations
- Describing a person, home and routine
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Skills
- Introducing yourself
- Asking and answering questions
- Giving place and time
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Text types
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Communication
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Social
- Greeting and saying goodbye
- Introducing people
- Asking about name, origin and language
- Spelling and clarifying
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Everyday
- Ordering and paying
- Shopping and asking prices
- Talking about likes
- Describing a routine
- Asking for and giving directions
- Making arrangements
- Talking about weather and well-being
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Social
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Tests
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Assessment
- Placement test
- Grammar test
- Vocabulary test
- Reading test
- Listening test
- Writing test
- Speaking test
- Practice test
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Assessment
A2
-
Grammar
-
Further present-tense structures
- Stem-changing verbs
- Verbs used like gustar
- Verbal periphrases
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Past tensestensesThe time form of a verb, for example present, past, or future.
- Present perfect
- Participles
- PreteritePreteriteA Spanish past tense used especially for completed past actions and events.
- Present perfect vs. preterite
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Future and commands
- Simple future
- Imperative
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Pronouns and comparison
- Direct-object pronouns
- Indirect-object pronouns
- Combined object pronouns
- Comparison of adjectives
- Superlative
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Further structures
- ser and estar
- por and para
- Relative clauses with que
- Impersonal se
- Time expressions with hace and desde
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Further present-tense structures
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Vocabulary
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People and life
- Biography
- Relationships
- Health and pharmacy
- Education and learning
- Work routines
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Travel and services
- Travel planning
- Problems at the hotel
- Public services
- Shopping and returns
- Food and cooking
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Environment and media
- Nature and the environment
- Technology and media
- Celebrations and traditions
- City and country
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People and life
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Reading
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Text types
- Personal letters
- Travel information
- Short articles
- Instructions
- Reviews
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Strategies
- Scanning for details
- Recognizing sequences of events
- Inferring meaning from context
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Text types
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Listening
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Situations
- Travel conversations
- Service encounters
- Personal stories
- Phone messages
- Simple interviews
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Strategies
- Identifying main points
- Recognizing sequences
- Using context
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Situations
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Writing
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Text types
- Informal email
- Travel report
- Simple complaint
- Biographical text
- Instructions
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Skills
- Narrating past events
- Linking events
- Expressing reasons
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Text types
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Communication
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Interaction
- Talking about experiences
- Making requests
- Giving advice
- Comparing options
- Complaining politely
- Making plans
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Discussion
- Expressing agreement
- Explaining reasons
- Describing changes
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Interaction
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Tests
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Assessment
- Placement test
- Grammar test
- Vocabulary test
- Reading test
- Listening test
- Writing test
- Speaking test
- Practice test
- DELE preparation
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Assessment
B1
-
Grammar
-
Past-tense system
- Preterite
- Imperfect
- Preterite vs. imperfect
- Past perfect
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Future and conditional
- Simple future
- Future perfect
- Conditional
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Subjunctive
- Present subjunctive
- Wishes, feelings and evaluations
- Requests and recommendations
- Purpose clauses with para que
- Indicative vs. subjunctive
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Pronouns and linking structures
- Object pronouns
- Relative clauses
- Connectors
- Reported speech
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Further structures
- Imperative with pronouns
- Gerund
- Passive constructions
- Impersonal constructions
- por and para
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Past-tense system
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Vocabulary
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Personal life
- Education and career
- Relationships and conflicts
- Health and lifestyle
- Personal development
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Society
- Media and news
- Environment and sustainability
- Society and community
- Culture and entertainment
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Travel and work
- Workplace communication
- Travel experiences
- Consumer services
- Technology and digital life
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Personal life
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Reading
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Text types
- News reports
- Interviews
- Blogs and forums
- Formal messages
- Literary extracts
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Strategies
- Identifying the main argument
- Recognizing the writer's attitude
- Inferring unknown words
- Distinguishing fact from opinion
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Text types
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Listening
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Formats
- Radio reports
- Interviews
- Presentations
- Natural conversations
- Narratives
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Strategies
- Following an argument
- Recognizing the speaker's attitude
- Taking notes
- Inferring meaning
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Formats
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Writing
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Text types
- Formal email
- Opinion text
- Narrative
- Report
- Review
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Skills
- Structuring paragraphs
- Using connectors
- Supporting arguments with reasons
- Revising a text
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Text types
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Communication
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Interaction
- Expressing opinions
- Agreeing and disagreeing
- Solving problems
- Negotiating plans
- Reporting what someone said
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Presentation
- Telling stories
- Giving a presentation
- Justifying a viewpoint
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Interaction
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Tests
-
Assessment
- Placement test
- Grammar test
- Vocabulary test
- Reading test
- Listening test
- Writing test
- Speaking test
- Practice test
- DELE preparation
-
Assessment
B2
-
Grammar
-
Past forms of the subjunctive
- Present perfect subjunctive
- Imperfect subjunctive
- Pluperfect subjunctive
- Indicative vs. subjunctive
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Conditionals
- Real conditions
- Potential conditions
- Unreal conditions
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Past narration and discourse
- Sequence of tenses
- Reported speech
- Narrative perspective
- Historical present
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Syntax and style
- Passive constructions
- Concessive clauses
- Purpose, cause and result
- Prepositional relative clauses
- Nominalization
- Pronoun position
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Modality
- Conjecture and probability
- Obligation, permission and prohibition
- Evaluation and distancing
- Modal periphrases
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Past forms of the subjunctive
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Vocabulary
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Society and politics
- Institutions and citizenship
- Social debates
- Law and justice
- International relations
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Economy and work
- Business and economy
- Employment and labor
- Finance and consumption
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Science and the environment
- Research and innovation
- Climate and biodiversity
- Energy and sustainability
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Culture and media
- Arts and literature
- Journalism and media
- Digital culture
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Personal development
- Identity and values
- Psychology and emotions
- Education and specialization
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Society and politics
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Reading
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Genres
- Editorials
- Specialist articles
- Essays
- Literary prose
- Institutional documents
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Strategies
- Analyzing an argument
- Understanding implicit meaning
- Tone and register
- Comparing sources
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Genres
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Listening
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Formats
- Debates
- Lectures
- Documentaries
- Podcasts
- Films and series
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Strategies
- Following complex arguments
- Recognizing implicit attitudes
- Recognizing register variation
- Taking detailed notes
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Formats
-
Writing
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Genres
- Argumentative essay
- Formal report
- Proposal
- Critical review
- Professional correspondence
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Skills
- Developing a thesis
- Cohesion and coherence
- Controlling register
- Editing for style
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Genres
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Communication
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Discussion
- Debating complex issues
- Negotiating and persuading
- Qualifying opinions
- Managing interaction
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Presentation
- Giving a structured presentation
- Responding to questions
- Summarizing sources
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Discussion
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Tests
-
Assessment
- Placement test
- Grammar test
- Vocabulary test
- Reading test
- Listening test
- Writing test
- Speaking test
- Practice test
- DELE preparation
-
Assessment
C1
-
Grammar
-
Subjunctive and modality
- Complex subjunctive triggers
- Subjunctive in concessive and conditional clauses
- Sequence of tenses with the subjunctive
- Modal nuances
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Discourse and style
- Linking complex clauses
- Choice of register
- Information structure
- Focus and topicalization
- Ellipsis and substitution
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Advanced syntax
- Marked word order
- Complex relative clauses
- Complex reported speech
- Nominal style
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Subjunctive and modality
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Vocabulary
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Public life
- Politics and diplomacy
- Law and ethics
- Economics and globalization
- Social change
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Knowledge and culture
- Science and research
- Philosophy and ideas
- Literature and the arts
- Media discourse
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Professional and academic language
- Specialist language and registers
- Academic collocations
- Idioms and metaphor
- Word formation
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Public life
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Reading
-
Genres
- Academic articles
- Complex essays
- Literary analysis
- Legal and administrative texts
- Satire and commentary
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Strategies
- Rhetorical structure
- Bias and presuppositions
- Intertextuality
- Synthesizing information from sources
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Genres
-
Listening
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Formats
- Academic lectures
- Fast-paced debates
- Regional varieties
- Cultural programs
- Professional meetings
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Strategies
- Recognizing implicit stance
- Recognizing rhetorical cues
- Processing information-dense speech
- Adapting to different accents
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Formats
-
Writing
-
Genres
- Academic essay
- Policy brief
- Analytical report
- Literary review
- Formal proposal
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Skills
- Synthesizing evidence
- Qualifying claims
- Controlling register
- Advanced cohesion
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Genres
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Communication
-
Interaction
- Leading a discussion
- Mediating disagreement
- Using diplomatic language
- Speaking spontaneously and fluently
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Presentation
- Expert presentation
- Creating rhetorical impact
- Handling challenging questions
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Interaction
-
Tests
-
Assessment
- Placement test
- Grammar test
- Vocabulary test
- Reading test
- Listening test
- Writing test
- Speaking test
- Practice test
- DELE preparation
-
Assessment
C2
-
Grammar
-
Language-system control
- Stylistic use of tense and mood
- Rare and stylistically marked subjunctive uses
- Complex agreement and reference
- Syntactic ambiguity
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Style and register
- Register shifts
- Rhythm and emphasis
- Linguistic economy and redundancy
- Creative deviation from linguistic norms
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Discourse control
- Argument structure
- Subtle use of cohesion
- Authorial voice and positioning
- Genre hybridization
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Idiomatic language and nuance
- Idiomatic language use
- Connotation
- Pragmatic nuance
- Regional and social variation
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Language-system control
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Vocabulary
-
Precision
- Near-synonyms
- Collocational precision
- Semantic prosody
- Technical neologisms
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Culture and society
- Historical discourse
- Cultural references
- Political rhetoric
- Humor and irony
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Creative and professional language
- Literary language
- Translation and mediation
- Specialist communication
- Editorial style
-
Precision
-
Reading
-
Genres
- Experimental literature
- Dense theoretical texts
- Historical documents
- Specialist legal texts
- Multimodal discourse
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Strategies
- Developing multiple interpretations
- Allusion and irony
- Ideological framing
- Cross-genre synthesis
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Genres
-
Listening
-
Formats
- Rapid overlapping speech
- Strongly marked regional speech
- Specialist panel discussions
- Comedy and satire
- Archival media
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Strategies
- Understanding pragmatic subtext
- Understanding cultural allusions
- Recognizing speaker positioning
- Perceiving fine phonetic detail
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Formats
-
Writing
-
Genres
- Publication-ready essay
- Executive brief
- Literary text
- Specialist analysis
- Adaptation and rewriting
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Skills
- Precision and elegance
- Adapting to the audience
- Maintaining a consistent voice
- Micro-editing
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Genres
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Communication
-
Interaction
- High-stakes negotiation
- Subtle mediation
- Humor and irony
- Cross-cultural nuance
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Presentation
- Keynote-style presentations
- Expert speaking without preparation
- Rhetorical mastery
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Interaction
-
Tests
-
Assessment
- Placement test
- Grammar test
- Vocabulary test
- Reading test
- Listening test
- Writing test
- Speaking test
- Practice test
- DELE preparation
-
Assessment